How do I diagnose and manage uroabdomen in a dog including temporization before surgery?

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Uroabdomen is diagnosed by comparing abdominal effusion creatinine to serum creatinine — a ratio ≥2:1 confirms the diagnosis — and is managed first as a medical emergency with IV fluid stabilization, hyperkalemia treatment, and urinary diversion before any surgical repair is considered.1 --- Diagnosis begins with recognizing the clinical triad of azotemia, hyperkalemia, and abdominal effusion. Abdominocentesis with fluid creatinine measurement is the definitive diagnostic step: an effusion-to-serum creatinine ratio ≥2:1 confirms uroabdomen.1 Fluid potassium concentration can also support the diagnosis, though evaluation of both creatinine and potassium ratios is not always diagnostic — underlying kidney disease and mixed effusion types can alter both values and produce false-negative results.2 Once uroabdomen is confirmed, contrast imaging studies are necessary to identify the exact site of urine leakage and guide surgical planning.1 The most common cause is vehicular or blunt trauma; additional causes include urinary tract obstruction, traumatic bladder expression or catheterization, neoplasia, postoperative leakage following abdominal or urogenital surgery, and — rarely — compressive urethral obstruction from obstipation.13 The urinary bladder is the most common site of rupture, followed by the urethra.2 --- Stabilization, not surgery, is the immediate priority. IV fluid therapy and treatment of hyperkalemia are the first interventions.1 Urinary diversion and, in select cases, peritoneal dialysis are required to stabilize the patient until life-threatening hyperkalemia resolves and concurrent injuries such as pulmonary contusions are addressed.1 Peritoneal catheter drainage before surgery is prudent. Preoperative peritoneal drainage allows more effective correction of electrolyte abnormalities; the mortality rate was 6% at the hospital where peritoneal catheters were routinely placed preoperatively versus 33% where they were not, though this difference did not rea